MWD/LWD Systems

Compass’ MWD System is fully retrievable and can be re-run without tripping, reducing lost-in-hole risk. The tool has a long downhole life and is low maintenance, as well as having long battery life and low power consumption. Programmable surface and downhole systems provide reliable, accurate data to meet specific drilling conditions, while user-friendly operating software provides high-level filtering and pulse detection with clear readout on the rig floor.

Tool Dimensions
	Length	Weight
Directional Only	23.1 ft	78 lb
Directional + Gamma	23.1 ft	83 lb
Tool O.D.	1-3/8”

Modular MWD System Overview
Available Sensors	Directional, Gamma Ray, Tool Temperature
Tool Configuration	UBHO Sub (muleshoe) and probe
Tool O.D. (Available)	2-7/8”, 3-1/2”, 4-3/4”
Max Dogleg Severity	109° / 100 ft
Max Operating Temp	175° C (347° F)
Max Hydrostatic Pressure	25,000 PSI
Flow Rate	75 - 150 gpm (2-1/5” Collar I.D.)
System Operation
Telemetry Type	Positive mud pulse
Survey Transmission Time	90 seconds
Tool Face Update Rate	17 seconds average
Absolute Accuracies
Gravity Tool Face	+/- 0.05° to +/- 3.0°, Programmable
Pointing Accuracy	0.15° = 2 ft per 1,000 ft displacement
Magnetic Tool Face	+/- 0.05° to +/- 3.0°, Programmable
Azimuth	+/- 0.1° (inclination > 5°)
Inclination	+/- 0.1°
Crossover to High Side Tool Face	Programmable to any value desired (5° is typical)
Repeatability	Inclination +/- 0.05° Azimuth +/- 0.05°
Readout Resolution	Inclination 0.1° Azimuth 0.1° Tool Face 1°
Gamma Sample Rate	One per 1.8 seconds measured 20 per minute in downhole memory. Programmable.
Gamma Memory Capacity	120 - 600 hours as function of program

Compass’ own Slim Hole MWD System is capable of providing Directional and Gamma Ray services in many types of wells, including short radius wells, at build rates not previously available through conventional MWD technology. It is the perfect tool for re-entry of wells where small production strings are used.
For deeper drilling applications, the tool will facilitate keeping pressure losses to a minimum and flow to a maximum, for better cleaning and cooling. The tool has a long downhole life and is low maintenance, which is complemented by its long battery life and low power consumption. It is fully retrievable and increases efficiency by saving time and money by eliminating pipe trips.

Compass utilizes sensor technology to provide a digitized output directional measurement solution. The sensor is designed to allow direct connection to a microprocessor based data acquisition system via dedicated serial interface connections.

Description

The Directional Module consists of three axis magnetometer, three single axis accelerometers, and associated electronics which are mounted on a rigid one piece chassis. The power supply is designed to operate off of DC power source Lithium Battery pack.

Tool Dimensions
Tool Type	Length	Weight
Kinteс	80” / 2.03 m	37 lb / 16.8 kg

Directional Module Specifications
Inclination	± 0.10 degrees, 3 sigma
Azimuth	± 0.25 degrees, 3 sigma
Tool Face Accuracy	± 1.0 degrees
Max Temperature	175° C (350° F) (150° C by request)
Max Hydrostatic Pressure	20,000 PSI (137.9 MPa)
Operating Voltage	18-32 V
Nominal Current	12 mA
Shock	1,000 g / 0.5 millisecond
Vibration	25g RMS 30-500 Hz Random 20g all axes

Features

• Consumes minimal power, meeting the downhole environment requirements
• Calibration data is provided with each unit

Description

The Compass Positive Stepper Pulser generates a sequence of pressure increment pulses in the circulating system, enabling the transmission of MWD data recorded downhole to surface.

The tool is fully retrievable and replaceable, which saves rig time by eliminating pipe trips for directional equipment.
The Compass Pulser Module consists of 3 main sections: Pulser Driver, Oil Fill, and Helix End.

The pulser allows mud flow to be restricted, creating a pressure differential by way of a main orifice poppet/orifice assembly. The movement of the main poppet in and out of the orifice creates an increase in pressure. The two factors that greatly affect poppet movement are the operation of the electrical section of the module and the fluid pressure on the compensation membrane.

Features

Simple to operate under a wide range of flow rates

Operable in lost circulation material concentrations of 30-50 lb/bbl medium nut plug

Servo technology for faster data rates, stronger signal, and superior anti-jamming capabilities for reliable data transmission in difficult drilling

Exceptionally power-efficient

Compass Stepper Pulser Specifications
Min Flow Rate	35 gpm (8 L/sec) in water
Max Flow Rate	1,100 gpm (67 L/sec) in water
Max Operating Temp	175° C (350° F)
Max Hydrostatic Pressure	20,000 PSI (137.9 MPa)
Operating Voltage	20-29V
Nominal Current	12mA
Shock	1,000 g / 0.5 millisecond
Vibration	25g RMS 30-500 Hz Random 30g 50-300 Hz Sine
Mud Sand Content	<1% recommended
Poppet Push Force	>100 lbs

Compass Pulser Driver Specifications
Inputs	Power: 18-30VDC Pulse: 0-5VDC
Output	Flow Switch: 0-5VDC
Pulse Mode Limit	2A
Non-Pulsing Mode (quiescent)	4mA
Power Consumption	300-350 hours of continuous pulsing per 29V Lithium Battery Stick
Poppet Closing Force	140-155lbs
Length & Weight w/o Signal Shaft	64.5 in (1,638 mm) / 34 lbs (15.4 kg)
Length & Weight w/ Signal Shaft	86.25 in (2,190 mm) / 44 lbs (19.9 kg)
Housing Diameter	1.875” is standard, but can be built in 1.75”
Housing Material	BeCu
Temperature Rating	-40 to 175°C Functional; 185°C Survivable
Pressure Rating	20,000 PSI

Features

• Components capable of withstanding the temperature rating without degradation or outgassing
• Carefully controlled internal welds and solder joints
• Assembly techniques specific for high temperature, high vibration, and high shock environments

Benefits

• High Voltage: 3.6 to 3.9V per cell
• Highest energy density of any power source
• Can withstand temperatures up to 200° C
• Capable of withstanding extreme amounts of shock and vibration
• Manufacturing ensures high reliability and safety

Tool Dimensions
Tool Type	Length	Weight
Kinteс	68.9” / 1.77 m	28 lb / 12.7 kg

Description

Compass uses high-energy Lithium Thionyl Chloride double-D size batteries in a stack of eight with a 150° C (302° F) temperature rating. The cells are diode protected to prevent reverse power charges, and are protected by a 5 Amp fuse on the power line.
The battery pack will run an MWD system for over 150 hours at a standard pulse rate with a Tensor Pulser, and 80 hours with a gamma probe added. With an upgraded Compass Pulser, a battery pack will operate the MWD system for over 450 hours and over 300 hours with an added gamma probe.

The design of the system allows for the addition of a second battery pack that will be activated when the power of the first battery drops to a predetermined level to then activate the power draw on the second battery. This allows the operator to place the batteries in various positions in the MWD tool design.
This option allows the users to determine the optimum position of the directional module determined by magnetic spacing requirements. The use of flexible finned intermodule connectors allows multiple design options on the MWD system with the standards being to place the pulser on the bottom (required) and the gamma and directional module located at the optimum positions.

Gamma ray tools record naturally occurring gamma rays in the formations adjacent to the wellbore. This nuclear measurement indicates the radioactive content of the formations. Effective in any environment, gamma ray tools are the standard device used for the correlation of logs in cased and open holes. Gamma ray tools use a super-sensitive, hermetically sealed Sodium Iodide Scintillator crystal and a ruggedized high temperature Photomultiplier for maximum log quality.

Applications

• Depth determination
• Depth correlation within and between wells
• Lithology identification
• Qualitative evaluation of shaliness
• Qualitative evaluation of radioactive mineral deposits

Uses

• Distinguish shales from non-shales
• Estimate clay content in sands and limestones
• Correlation of real-time data with offset logs to determine geologic location
• Picking casing and coring point
• Vibration (3 axis) 50-300 Hz Random

Tool Dimensions
Tool Type	Length	Weight
Kinteс	80” / 2.03 m	37 lb / 16.8 kg